Lionel University Blog

Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of muscle atrophy.

Getting your daily dose of Vitamin D through direct sunlight exposure is well known. But how does vitamin D contribute to your training goals?

Reduced-Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training promising protocol for those with Type 2 diabetes?

The reasons for poor exercise adherence are numerous and complex, but a perceived lack of time is consistently reported as one of the main barriers in people with type 2 diabetes. In response to this,

Low calories adversely affect basic training

Inadequate calorie consumption adversely affects performance and injury frequency in Military Initial Entry Training. The College of Exercise Science is proud to serve our military servicemembers and

Post-exercise gift: chocolate milk

Chocolate milk outperforms carbohydrates in improving strength as a post workout choice. The Department of Kinesiology and Health Education at The University of Texas at Austin conducted a first-of-it

L-citrulline and l-arginine together to improve vascular function

Nitric Oxide (NO) produced from l-arginine by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in regulating endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. L-citrulline is a colorless, water-soluble α-am

Pre-workout casein for fasted workouts

Casein pre-workout proves more effective for fat oxidation than whey protein, carbohydrate or fasted workouts alone.

Daily Protein Max

Controversy abounds about the optimal amount of single-meal protein for lean tissue-building. It has been proposed that muscle protein synthesis is maximized in young adults with an intake of 20g–25g;

Results In Less Time With Supersets

Supersets (the completion of two exercises consecutively followed by a recovery period) and trisets (the completion of three exercises consecutively followed by a recovery period) may be an efficient

New Year Formula: RE + HIIT = Time Saving Results

We are all at the mercy of time and are ageing as we read this. Ageing often results in the degenerative loss of significant muscle mass and strength starting as early as the fourth or fifth decade of

The Power of Glutamine

Glutamine is an amino acid that plays an important role in the function of the immune system. Many athletes take glutamine to prevent upper respiratory infections and flu. It is the most abundant amin